A woman cannot leave the house except with conditions’:

 

The Imām, Al-Hāfidh Shaykh Sulaymān Ibn Nāsir al-‘Alwān (فك الله أسره) said: 

 

“Hence, we have mentioned more than once that it’s not permissible for a woman to go to the shops, even if she wasn’t wearing perfume (which is harām) except with conditions: 

 

1⃣The first condition — That her guardian gives her permission, so she cannot leave without the permission of her guardian. 

 

2⃣The second condition — That she has a need, so she doesn’t leave without a need, so she becomes a accustomed to leaving the house and going back and forth, roaming around the shops and observing, she is to be prevented from that in all cases, even if her guardian allows her too. 

 

3⃣The third condition — That she doesn’t leave with adornments, nor with perfume, nor with Tabarruj. 

 

4⃣The fourth condition — That a mahram goes out with her, unless it was safe from fitnah, but if there’s no guaranteed safety from fitnah, then it’s obligatory upon the mahram to go with her. 

 

5⃣The fifth condition — That she doesn’t speak with men except for the required need, and to not tempt them via soft speech, so that the one with a sick heart doesn’t receive any feelings for her. 

 

These are 5 conditions for the woman to leave (the house), and it’s not correct that a woman should be accustomed to leaving the house and going back and forth in the shops, without any conditions and guidelines. 

 

Consequently, if a woman leaves while perfumed, she is sinful, and it becomes obligatory upon the guardian to prevent her, but if she intended fitnah, then this is from the most enormous crimes and greatest of major sins.” [1] 

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[1] Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah (رحمه الله) also mentioned in “al-Fatāwā al-Kubrā” (3/148): 

  

“‘Umar Ibn al-Khattāb said: 

“Marriage is slavery, so be careful with regard to whom you give your daughter for enslavement.”  

 

In at-Tirmithī and elsewhere it is narrated that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: 

“I urge you to treat women well, for they are prisoners with you.”   

 

So a woman is like a slave or prisoner of her husband, and she cannot go out of his house except with his permission, whether her father, her mother or anyone else tells her to do that, according to the consensus of the Imāms.”

 

Imām Ibn Muflih (رحمه الله) said in “Al-Ādāb ash-Shar’iyyah” (3/375): 

“It is harām for a woman to go out of her husband’s house without his permission, except in cases of necessity, or Islamic obligation.”

— Abū Bakr at-Tarābulsī (فك الله أسره).

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