Biography of the FATIMAH (رضي الله عنها)
She is the best of all the women of her era.
She is a part of the Prophet ﷺ.
She is the daughter of the best of creation,
Abul-Qasim Muhammad bin Abdillah bin 'Abdul-Muttalib bin Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf al-Qurashi al-Hashimi.
She is the mother of al Hasan and al Husayn.
Her Birth:
She was born a little before the first revelation was revealed.
Her Marriage:
She married the noble Companion, the Imam, 'Ali bin Abi Talib in the month of Dhul-Qa'dah or slightly before 2 AH, after the Battle of Badr.
The marriage was consummated after the Battle of Uhud.
Her Children:
Fatimah gave birth to,
Al Hasan
Al Husayn
Muhsin (more about this in the end of her story)
Umm Kulthum (the wife of 'Umar bin al-Khattab)
Zaynab (the wife of Abdullah bin Ja'far bin Abi Talib).
Her Ahadith:
She narrated ahadith from her father, and many of the Companions narrated ahadith from her, such as her husband Ali, her son al Husayn, 'A'ishah, Umm Salamah, Anas bin Malik, and others.
The Prophet ﷺ loved her, honored her, and was happy with her.
Her Resemblance to the Prophet ﷺ:
Aishah said:
I have not seen anyone who resembled the Prophet ﷺ in speech more than Fatimah.
When she entered, he would stand to greet her and kiss her and welcome her.
And she would do the same towards him.
Her Virtues:
Her virtues are plentiful.
She was patient and persevering, benevolent, content, and grateful to Allah.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
إِنَّ هَذَا مَلَكٌ لَمْ يَنْزِلِ الأَرْضَ قَطُّ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ اسْتَأْذَنَ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ
عَلَى وَيُشْرَنِي بِأَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ سَيِّدَةُ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَأَنَّ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ سَيِّدَا شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ .
Indeed, this is an angel that had never descended to the earth before tonight.
He sought permission from his Lord to greet me with salam and to give me the glad tidings that Fatimah is the best of the women of Paradise, and that al Hasan and al Husayn are the best of the youths of the people of Paradise.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
أفضل نساء أهل الجنة خديجة وفاطمة.
The best women of Paradise are Khadijah and Fatimah.
It was said to 'A'ishah :
أَيُّ النَّاسِ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ.
فَقِيلَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ قَالَتْ زَوْجُهَا إِنْ كَانَ مَا عَلِمْتُ صَوَّامًا
قَوَّامًا.
"Who are the most beloved people to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ?
"She said, "Fatimah.
"It was said to her, "Who from among the men?
"She said, "Her husband, surely, I knew him to fast much and stand in prayer much."
The Prophet ﷺ said:
فَاطِمَةُ سَيِّدَةُ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، إِلَّا مَرْيَمَ بِنْتَ عِمْرَانَ.
"Fatimah is the best of the women of Paradise, with the exception of Maryam bint 'Imran."
The Prophet ﷺ said:
أَفْضَلُ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ : خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ، وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآسِيَةُ بِنْتُ مُزَاحِمٍ امْرَأَةُ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَمَرْيَمُ ابْنَةُ عِمْرَانَ.
"The best women of Paradise are Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Fatimah bint Muhammad, Asiyah bint Muzahim (the wife of Pharaoh), and Maryam bint 'Imran."
The Prophet ﷺ became angry for her (Fatima) sake when he was informed that 'Ali bin Abi Talib intended to marry the daughter of Abu Lahab.
He stood up and said the testimony of faith, and then he said:
أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي قَدْ أَنْكَحْتُ أَبَا الْعَاصِ بْنَ الرَّبِيعِ فَحَدَّثَنِي فَصَدَقَنِي وَإِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ بَضْعَةٌ مِنّي وَأنَا أَكْرَهُ أنْ تَفْتِنُوهَا وَإِنَّهَا وَاللَّهِ لا تَجْتَمِعُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَبِنْتُ عَدُوٌّ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ أَبَدًا قَالَ فَنَزَلَ عَلِيٌّ عَنِ الْخِطبة.
"As to what follows, I married my daughter (Zaynab) to Abul-'As bin ar-Rabi', and he spoke to me and was speaking the truth.
Fatimah bint Muhammad is a part of me, and I hate to see her faced with troubles.
By Allah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah and the daughter of the enemy of Allah will never be joined together in marriage to one man."
So 'Ali retracted his proposal.
Therefore, while 'Ali was married to Fatimah, he did not take another wife or a slave-girl.
When she died, he remarried and took slave-girls.
( ✍🏼 Next posts will be about,
*The Virtue of Fatimah's Household.
*The Death of Her Father.
*Her Illness & Death.
*The Shyness of Fatimah Even in Death.
*Notes from the book.)
The Virtue of Fatimah's Household:
The bloodline of the Prophet ﷺ was severed except by way of Fatimah.
As for Umamah, Zaynab's daughter (the child the Prophet) would carry during his prayer she married 'Ali bin Abi Talib.
After him, she married al-Mughirah bin Nawfal bin al-Harith bin Abdul-Muttalib al-Hashimi, and she bore him children.
Az-Zubayr bin Bakkar said,
"The bloodline of Zaynab came to an end."
Umm Salamah said:
The Prophet ﷺ wrapped a cloak around al Hasan, al Husayn, Ali, and Fatimah, and then he said,
“O Allah, these are the members of my household, so remove ar-rijs (evil deeds and sins) from them and purify them with a thorough purification."
The Prophet ﷺ looked at 'Ali, Fatimah, al Hasan, and al Husayn and said:
أَنَا حَرْبٌ لِمَنْ حَارَبْتُمْ وَسَلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمْتُمْ .
peace for I am at war with whoever makes war with you, and whoever makes peace with you.
The Death of Her Father:
Anas narrated:
When he died, she (Fatimah) said,
"O my dear father, who answered the call of his Lord.
O my dear father, whose abode is the highest level of Paradise!
O my father, to Jibril we announce the news of his death!".
When he was buried, Fatimah said,
"O Anas, how could you bear to throw dust over the Messenger of Allah ?".
'A'ishah said,
"We, the wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, were with him (during his last illness), and none of us were absent.
Then Fatimah, who walked in the same manner as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came.
When he saw her, he welcomed her, saying:
مَرْحَبًا بِابْنَتِي .
"Welcome to my daughter.'
"He then made her sit on his right side or on his left side.
Then he said something secretly to her and she wept bitterly, and when he found her in grief, he said something secretly to her for the second time and she laughed.
I (A'ishah) said to her, The Messenger of Allah has singled you out amongst the women of the family.
He told you a secret and you wept.
When the Messenger of Allah left, I said to her, "What did the Messenger of Allah say to you?"
She said, "I am not going to disclose the secret of the Messenger of Allah."
When the Messenger of Allah died, I said to her, 'I adjure by the right that I have upon you that you should narrate to me what the Messenger of Allah said to you.'
She said, 'Yes, now I can inform you.
When he talked to me secretly the first time, he said that:
"Jibril used to recite the Qur'an along with him once or twice every year, but this year it had been twice, and so he perceived his death to be quite near, so fear Allah and be patient, for surely he is the best Salaf for you.
"Thus I wept as you saw.
And when he saw me in grief, he talked to me secretly for the second time and said:
يَا فَاطِمَةُ أَمَا تَرْضَى أَنْ تَكُونِي سَيِّدَةَ نِسَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوْ سَيِّدَةَ نِسَاءِ هَذِهِ
"O Fatimah, are you not pleased that you should be the leader of the believing women or the best woman from this ummah?”
"So, I laughed, and it was that laughter which you saw.'
Her Illness & Death:
When Fatimah became sick, Abu Bakr came to visit her, and he sought permission to enter.
'Ali said, "O Fatimah, Abu Bakr is seeking permission to enter.
" She said, "Would you like him to enter?" Ali said, "Yes."
Thus, Fatimah followed the Sunnah by not allowing anyone into her home without the permission of her husband.
So Abu Bakr entered to make her happy.
He said, "By Allah, I have not left any home or wealth, family or kin, except that I sought to please Allah and His Messenger regarding them, and I seek to please you all, the household of the Prophet."
He continued to make her happy until she was pleased.
Fatimah died five or six months after the death of the Prophet.
She died at the age of 24 or 25, while others say she died at the age of 29.
But no one said that she was older than that.
What is most correct is that she died at the age of 24.
She was younger than her sister Zaynab (the wife of Abul-'As), and younger than her sister Ruqayyah (the wife of 'Uthman bin 'Affan), and younger than her sister Umm Kulthum (who was also the wife of 'Uthman bin 'Affan).
Sa'id bin 'Ufayr said,
"She died on a Tuesday after three nights of Ramadan had passed in 11 AH, and she was buried at night."
She was washed by her husband 'Ali.
The Shyness of Fatimah Even in Death:
Fatimah said to Asma' bint 'Umays, "Indeed, I hate what they do with the women (when shrouding the deceased).
They put a garment over the woman and the shape of her limbs is defined." Asma' said, "O daughter of the Messenger of Allah, shall I show you what I saw in Abyssinia?.
"Thus, she requested some wet leaves and laid them down, and then she placed a garment over them. Fatimah replied,
"This is wonderful and beautiful!"
Ibn 'Abdil-Barr said,
"She was the first person to have her shroudcover in Islam in this manner."
End.
---------------------------------
Some Notes from the book 📙
Chapter Fatima:
- They said about her she is the link to muşțfah, she was called this because she is his only child who had surviving offspring that connect back to the Prophet.
- They called her also the mother of her father because of the way she took care of her father.
- The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fatimah is a part of me, and he who makes her angry, makes me angry." (Sahih al-Bukhari 3714).
- According to the majority of the scholars, none of the history books mention a son named Muhsin, rather, they all mentioned that Fatimah only had four children: al-Hasan, al-Husayn, Umm Kulthum, and Zaynab.
Ibn al-Jawzi attributes the mention of Muhsin to Ibn Is'haq.
- There are 18 ahadith narrated by her, which are collected in the Musnad.
No comments:
Post a Comment