A SUMMARIZED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRAYER, FASTING, NIGHT PRAYER & ITI'KAAF OF THE PROPHET (ﷺ)
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EPISODE 5 - Description of the Prayer of the Prophet (ﷺ)
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Tashahhud
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Then he rises for the second unit by pushing down on the floor. He then sits after the second unit for what is the first Tashahhud in the (obligatory) prayers besides Fajr and he should sit in the Iftirash position after the second unit.
Tashahhud is one of the obligations of the prayer, so, the prayer is invalid if the Tashahhud is left out intentionally. (al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 3/309). If it is missed forgetfully then a Sajdah Sahw (prostration of forgetfulness) should be performed. If someone out of forgetfulness stands up for the third unit of prayer without performing the first Tashahhud and has already stood up straight, then they should not return to that Tashahhud (after remembering that they missed the first Tashahhud and should continue with the third unit of the prayer.)
Pointing with the finger is prescribed in the first and last Tashahhud, What should be done is, moving it in its place, in a soft, gentle movement and It is not sunnah to move the index finger left and right or up and down away from the Qibla (see Silsilah al-Huda wa noor tape no. 564).
Salawaat (Prayers) upon the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) is not to be said in the first Tashahhud but in the last one.
(Muslim 579; an-Nasaa’I 1270; Abu Dawood 989)
The most authentic form of Tashahhud reported from the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) is as follows:
*_التَّحِيّاتُ للَّهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ والطَّيِّبات، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَيْنا وَعَلى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحين._*
*_أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لا إِلهَ إِلَّ اللَّهِ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسولُه._*
*_“All greetings of humility are for Allaah, and all prayers and goodness. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allaah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allaah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship but Allaah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.”_*
(Bukhari; Muslim ; Ibn Abî Shaybah 1/90/2, As-Sarrâj ; Abû Yaslâ in his Musnad 258/2 and Al-Irwâ' 321)
It is a Sunnah in the last Tashahhud (before the ﷺ To send Salawaat and Salaam upon the Messenger of Allaah Tasleem – giving Salaam to both sides) and can be said as follows:
*_اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَ صَلَّيْتَ عَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيم، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ._*
*_“O Allaah, bestow Your favour on Muhammad and on the family of Muhammad as You have bestowed Your favour on Ibrahim and on the family of Ibrahim, You are Praiseworthy, Most Glorious.”_*
(Ahmad; Abu Dawood; Ibn Khuzaimah 1/83/2)
At the end of the final Tashahhud, a person supplicates and the most emphasized supplications is:
*_اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَتِ وَمِنْ شَّرِ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ_*
*_“O Allaah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the Hell-fire, and from the punishment of the grave, and from the trials of life and death, and from the evil of the trial of the False Messiah.”_*
(Bukhari 2/102, Abu Dawood; Ahmad)
The last Tashahhud is one of the pillars of the Prayer.
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*- Tasleem (Giving Salaam to both sides)*
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At the end of the Tashahhud, he makes Salaam to the right and then to the left.
The first salaam is obligatory (Abu Dawood 61; at-Tirmidhi 3) and the second is a Sunnah. Both Salaams are recited as follows:
*_السَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ_*
*_“May peace and Allaah’s Mercy be upon you.”_*
(Abu Dawood; Nasaa'i; Tirmidhi; Muslim 431)
It is Sunnah to turn facing the right until the people behind him can see his right cheek and (then) left so that those behind can see his left cheek.
_To be continued… إن شاء الله_
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