HAFSAH BINT 'UMAR BIN AL-KHATTAB (رضي الله عنها)
Hafsah, the daughter of the leader of the believers Abu Hafs 'Umar bin al-Khattab.
The Prophet ﷺ married her after she completed her mourning period for Khunays bin Hudhafah as-Sahmi, who was from those who migrated to Abyssinia and then to Madinah.
The Prophet ﷺ married her three years after the migration to Madinah.
A'ishah said,
"She was the one among the wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who used to compete with me."
It has been narrated that Hafsah was born five years before the Messenger of Allah became a prophet.
Based upon this, she was around 20 years old when he married her.
She narrated a number of ahadith.
Her brother Ibn 'Umar narrated from her, and she was six years older than him.
How she became the prophet's wife:
Her father offered her to Abu Bakr for marriage, but Abu Bakr did not say anything to him in response.
'Umar then offered her to 'Uthman for marriage, and 'Uthman responded by saying,
“I will not marry right now."
This upset 'Umar, so he complained about this to the Prophet ﷺ.
The Prophet ﷺ said to him, "Hafsah will marry someone better than 'Uthman, and 'Uthman will marry someone better than Hafsah."
Then the Prophet ﷺ proposed to Hafsah, and 'Umar married him to her.
And the Prophet ﷺ married 'Uthman to his daughter Umm Kulthum, after her sister ('Uthman's previous wife, Ruqayyah) had died.
Umar bin al-Khattab said,
"I met 'Uthman bin 'Affan and offered Hafsah to him in marriage.
I said, 'If you wish, I will marry Hafsah bint 'Umar to you.'
He said, 'I will think about it.'
Several nights passed, then he said, 'I think that I do not want to get married at this time.'
Then I met Abu Bakr and I said,
'If you wish, I will marry Hafsah bint 'Umar to you.'
Abu Bakr kept quiet and did not give me any response.
I was more upset about him than about 'Uthman Several nights passed, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ proposed to her and I married her to him.
Then Abu Bakr met me and said, 'Perhaps you felt upset when you offered Hafsah in marriage to me and I did not reply?'
I said, 'Yes.'
He said, 'Nothing prevented me from responding to your offer but the fact that I knew that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had mentioned her, and I did not want to disclose the secret of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
If he had decided not to marry her, I would have accepted your offer.'"
Divorce:
It has been narrated that the Prophet ﷺ divorced her, but Jibril came to him with a command from Allah.
He said:
رَاجِعْ حَفْصَة فَإِنَّهَا صَوَّامَة قَوَّامَة وَهِيَ زَوْجَتِكَ فِي الْجَنَّة
Go back to Hafsah, for she fasts a lot and prays a lot at night, and she will be your wife in Paradise.
Hafsah and 'A'ishah were the two who cooperated against the Prophet ﷺ.
Allah sent down the verse concerning them:
If you two turn in repentance to Allah, (it will be better for you), your hearts are indeed so inclined (to oppose what the Prophet likes), but if you help one another against him (Muhammad), then verily, Allah is his protector, and Jibril, and the righteous among the believers and furthermore, the angels are his helpers.
[Surah at-Tahrim 66:4]
And it has been narrated that when news reached 'Umar that the Prophet ﷺ had divorced Hafsah, he threw dirt on his head and said,
"Allah will not be pleased with 'Umar and his daughter after this."
So the next day, Jibril came to the Prophet ﷺ and said,
"Verily, Allah commands you to take Hafsah back as a mercy to 'Umar." Thus, he took her back.
Hafsah bint 'Umar was entrusted with securing the mushaf after it had been written down in one collective book.
The complete manuscript of the Qur'an remained with Abu Bakr until he died, then with 'Umar until the end of his life, and then with Hafsah bint 'Umar."
[Sahih al Bukhari 4986]
Her Death:
Hafsah bint 'Umar died in 41 AH, and some say it was 45 AH, in Madinah.
Abu Hurayrah was from those who carried her casket.
Marwan, who was the governor of Madinah at that time, led the Janazah prayer for her.
End.
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